DOC+CDPF对国III重型柴油货车实际道路排放的影响

利用便携式车载排放测试系统（PEMS）对2辆加装氧化催化转化器（DOC）和催化型柴油颗粒捕集器（CDPF）与否的国III重型柴油货车进行实际道路排放测试.结果表明,2辆改造重型柴油车的CO、THC、固态颗粒物粒数（SPN）和黑碳（BC）实际道路排放因子分别为（1.31±0.37）g/（kW×h）、（0.20±0.03） g/（kW×h）、（7.13×10¹⁰±5.27×10¹⁰）个/（kW×h）和（0.69±0.06）mg/（kW×h）,相对于原始排放（拆除DOC+CDPF）分别降低52.48%、55.69%、99.91%和99.22%.从低速、中速到高速,CO和THC减排比例呈现上升趋势,然而运行工况对SPN和BC减排比例则无显著影响.加装DOC+CDPF会导致NO₂在NO_x中的占比升高,且从低速、中速到高速涨幅依次增大,但对NO_x无明显减排效益,其排放因子为9.53~9.83g/（kW×h）,远高于实验室排放限值.     

温度分层环境下火灾烟气羽流上升高度公式分析

对小尺度空间温度分层环境下柴油有焰火及棉绳阴燃火烟气运动进行了实验和数值模拟.结果表明,在分层环境下,烟气与环境空气温度差造成的浮力在某一高度消失并转为负值,致使烟气停止上升而向横向扩展.Morton积分公式低估了烟气羽流上升的最大高度,且在相同出口条件及分层环境下,柴油烟雾比棉绳烟雾下降趋势快,上升高度小,其原因在于积分公式中自相似卷吸及烟气为空气假设.引入烟气密度修正系数和自相似修正系数,对Morton公式进行了修正和讨论.     

光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定水中苯系物

本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪，在环境温度下手工摇荡的快速顶空法测定水中苯系物（苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯）的分析方法。方法的线性范围为０～１８０μｇ／Ｌ，相关系数均在０．９９６以上，方法的变异系数分别为１．０～１４％（１０μｇ／Ｌ），２．９～７．８％（３０μｇ／Ｌ），方法的最低检测限达０．５～１．５μｇ／Ｌ。     

光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪快速测定空气中苯系物

本文研究了使用光离子化检测器便携式气相色谱仪，直接测定空气中ｍｇ／ｍ３级苯系物（苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对位的二甲苯及异丙苯）的快速分析方法。方法的线性范围为０～１００ｍｇ／ｍ３，相关系数均在０．９９９以上，方法的变异系数分别为２．９～１２．５％（５ｍｇ／ｍ３），３．４～７．９％（３０ｍｇ／ｍ３），方法最低检测限达０．２～１．０ｍｇ／ｍ３。     

Effects of law enforcement and community outreach on mammal diversity in a biodiversity hotspot

Management activities such as law enforcement and community outreach are thought to affect conservation outcomes in protected areas, but their importance relative to intrinsic environmental characteristics of the parks and extrinsic human pressures surrounding the parks have not been explored. Furthermore, it is not clear which is more related to conservation outcomes—the management itself or local people's perceptions of the management. We measured objective (reports by park staff) and subjective (reports by local people) levels of community outreach and law enforcement based on responses to 374 questionnaires. We estimated mammal abundance and diversity of 6 protected areas based on data from 115 camera traps in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, a biodiversity hotspot with high hunting and land-conversion pressures. We then examined correlations among them and found that local people's perception of law enforcement was positively related to the local abundance of 2 large, hunted species, wild boar (Sus scrofa) (β = 15.22) and muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis) (β = 14.82), but not related to the abundance of smaller mammals or to objective levels of enforcement. The subjective frequency of outreach by park staff to local communities (β = 3.42) and park size (β = 3.28) were significantly and positively related to mammal species richness, whereas elevation, human population density, and subjective frequency of law enforcement were not. We could not conclude that community outreach and law enforcement were directly causing increased mammal abundance and diversity. Nevertheless, the patterns we detected are some of the first empirical evidence consistent with the idea that biodiversity in protected areas may be more positively and strongly related to local perceptions of the intensity of park management than to either intrinsic (e.g., elevation, park size) or extrinsic (e.g., human population density) environmental factors.     

DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下应用与探讨

随着经济社会的发展,突发性水质污染事故日趋增多。因此能够快速、准确测定水质状况是环境应急监测的一项重要工作。在一起水厂取水口有人投药打鱼事故中,采用DELtatox便携式毒性测试仪在Q—TOX和B—TOX两种模式下快速检测事发地水质,结果表明快速、高效的检测为此次污染事故的成功处置提供了技术支持,为以后类似突发污染事故的应急监测提供了参考。     

便携式GC/MS对空气中苯系物的定量分析方法研究

文章采用简单快速的采气袋配气方式,以苯系物为例,研究了便携式GC/MS对大气中痕量有机污染物的快速定量测定方法。分别在Full scan和建立的SIM扫描方式下对苯系物标准样品进行了测定。对比实验结果表明,Full scan和SIM两种扫描方式下苯系物测定结果的相对标准偏差分别在5.1%~28.4%和13%~19%之间,回收率范围分别为46%~186%和60%~110%,方法检出限范围分别为2.504~10.63μg/m3和0.494~2.399μg/m3。总体而言,SIM方式在测定结果的精密度与准确度上均优于Full scan方式。室内外空气样品的测试结果映证了SIM方式在对痕量有机污染物测定的优势。     

便携式气相色谱-质谱仪在应急监测中的应用

通过一次有机污染物应急监测实例,结合HAPSITE便携式GC-MS的使用情况,介绍了该仪器在应急监测与处置工作中的特点,并根据使用结果,总结了便携式GC-MS能够迅速确定污染范围,有效确定污染物种类以及快速确定污染状况和污染程度等性能特点,为相关单位对便携式GC-MS的实际应用提供了指导。     

便携式气相色谱质谱测定水中挥发性有机物再现性和准确度研究

建立了便携式顶空-气相色谱-质谱（HS-GC-MS）测定水中挥发性有机物的方法。以水中苯系物、卤代烃和氯代苯等VOCs为研究对象，在同一实验室内，使用3台便携式HS-GC-MS模拟现场应急监测环境开展检测活动，研究测定结果的再现性和准确度。实验结果表明，检测结果的相对标准偏差为0.7%~13%；绝大多数目标化合物测定结果的回收率为80%~120%。综合来看，方法的精密度和准确度基本满意，能够满足应急监测工作的需要。     

Satellites viewing our world: The NASA landsat and the NOAA SMS/GOES

Thousands of individuals throughout the world are now users of satellite data. Hundreds of satellites have been launched—military, navigation, communications, educational, weather, and earth resources. One of the weather satellites (the SMS/GOES) and the NASA earth resources mapping satellite (Landsat) are the subjects of this article. Data from these systems have been highly cost beneficial, not only in the United States, but in developed and developing nations all over the globe as well. There is an increasing demand both for data and for training in data use.Data samples are shown and applications are discussed. Strong reference is made to the value of the digital computer in natural and man-made features mapping and monitoring. Procedures for acquiring NASA data are explained so that the reader may order data for his home region, or for other regions throughout the world which are of interest for their agriculture, forestry, hydrology, marine resources, geology, or land use. The cost of data is incredibly low; some products cost as little as three dollars.Also discussed are the remotely based data-collection platforms that acquire ground or water data daily and relay results to the NASA Landsat or to the NOAA SMS/GOES.